Efekti primjene tekućeg digestata iz bioplinskog postrojenja u proizvodnji silažnog kukuruza - sažetak
Marko List1, Miomir Stojnović2, Ljubica Ambrušec3
Efekti primjene tekućeg digestata iz bioplinskog postrojenja u proizvodnji silažnog kukuruza
Effects of the application of liquid digestate from the biogas plant in the production of silage maize
Contact: mstojnovic@vguk.hr
1 Consultare d.o.o., Zagrebačka 159, 10340 Vrbovec, Hrvatska
2 Visoko gospodarsko učilište u Križevcima, Milislava Demerca 1, 48260 Križevci, Hrvatska
3 Općina Gradec, Gradec 134, 10345 Gradec, Hrvatska
SAŽETAK
U radu se istražuju efekti primjene tekućeg digestata iz bioplinskog postrojenja tvrtke Agrokor energija Gradec d.o.o. u proizvodnji silažnog kukuruza u usporedbi s klasičnom gnojidbom mineralnim gnojivima. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2017. godine na Obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu Siniša Glatki koje se nalazi u mjestu Gradec, Zagrebačka županija, Republika Hrvatska.
Pokus je postavljen na dvije parcele u vlasništvu OPG Siniša Glatki, svaka površine 1 ha. Tlo je po bonitetnoj vrijednosti u kategoriji P2. Na obje parcele primijenjena je ista agrotehnika proizvodnje silažnog kukuruza, uz razliku u gnojidbi. Osnovna obrada tla provedena je u jesen 2016. dubokim jesenskim oranjem lemešnim plugom. Početkom travnja 2017. provedeno je zatvaranje brazde tanjuračom i predsjetvena priprema tla klinastom drljačom. Na pokusnoj parceli aplicirano je u predsjetvenoj pripremi tla 40 m3/ha tekućeg digestata, dok je na drugoj parceli također u predsjetvenoj pripremi tla gnojeno mineralnim gnojivima, i to s 300 kg/ha uree 46% i 225 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15. Na obje parcele zasijan je 10.04.2017. hibrid KWS Mikado FAO grupa 620. Sjetva je provedena četverorednom pneumatskom sijačicom marke OLT PSK na sklop od 79000 zrna/ha. U fazi razvoja 3 lista kukuruza obavljena je zaštita od korova herbicidom Lumax u dozi od 3,5-4,0 l/ha. Siliranje silažnog kukuruza provedeno je 01.09.2017. samohodnim silažnim kombajnom marke Claas.
Kemijskom analizom korištenog digestata utvrđen je ukupni sadržaj hraniva od 0,516 % N, 0,112 P2O5 i 0,215% K2O, te je aplikacijom 40 m3/ha na pokusnoj parceli dano 206,4 kg/ha N, 44,08 kg/ha P2O5 i 86 kg/ha K2O, dok je na parceli gnojenom mineralnim gnojivima dano ukupno 171,75 kg/ha N, 33,75 kg/ha P2O5 i 33,75 kg/ha K2O.
U varijanti gnojidbe tekućim digestatom ostvaren je prinos od 48 t/ha silažne mase, dok je na parceli gnojenoj mineralnim gnojivima prinos silažne mase iznosio 36 t/ha te se može zaključiti da je aplikacija tekućeg digestata na pokusnoj parceli rezultirala 33% većim prinosom silažne mase u usporedbi s parcelom gnojenom mineralnim gnojivima.
Razmatrajući proizvodne troškove i prihode ostvarene od silažnog kukuruza, uz otkupnu cijenu od 0,24 kn/kg silažne mase, može se zaključiti da su proizvodni troškovi na pokusnoj parceli na kojoj je apliciran tekući digestat iznosili 0,14 kn/kg silažne mase uz ostvareni neto prihod od 7560,5 kn/ha, dok je na parceli gnojenoj mineralnim gnojivima trošak proizvodnje iznosio 0,20 kn/kg silažne mase te je ostvaren neto prihod od 4328,40 kn/ha.
Ključne riječi: silažni kukuruz, gnojidba, tekući digestat, mineralna gnojiva, bioplinsko postrojenje
SUMMARY
The paper deals with the effects of the application of liquid digestate from the biogas plant of the company Agrokor Energija Gradec d.o.o. in the production of silage maize compared to the classic fertilization with mineral fertilizers. The research was conducted during 2017 at the Siniša Glatki Family Farm, located in Gradec, Zagreb County, Republic of Croatia.
The experiment was set on two plots owned by OPG Siniša Glatki, each surface of 1 hectare. The soil is in P2 quality category. On both plots the same agrotechnics was used for the production of silage maize, with the difference in fertilization. The basic soil cultivation was carried out in the autumn of 2016 by deep autumn plowing. At the beginning of April 2017, the soil was prepared for sowing with disks and tine harrows. With the preparation of soil for sowing silage maize a 40 m3 / ha of liquid digestate was applied on experimental plot, while on the other plot mineral fertilizers were applied at 300 kg / ha of UREA 46% N and 225 kg / ha of NPK 15:15: 15. On both plots Hybrid KWS Mikado FAO Group 620 was sown on 10.04.2017. The sowing was carried out by a four-row pneumatic sowing machine OLT PSK with 79,000 grains / ha sowing norm. In the development phase of 3 maize leaves, the herbicide Lumax was sprayed for weed control in dosage of 3.5-4.0 l / ha. Harvesting of silage maize was carried out on 01.09.2017. with self-propelled silage harvester Claas.
The chemical analysis of the digestate determined the total nutrient content of 0.516% N, 0.112% P2O5 and 0.215% K2O and application of 40 m3 / ha on the experimental plot gave 206.4 kg / ha N, 44.08 kg / ha P2O5 and 86 kg / ha K2O, while a total of 171.75 kg / ha N, 33.75 kg / ha P2O5 and 33.75 kg / ha K2O was given on the plot fertilized with mineral fertilizers.
Liquid digestate fertilization variant produced 48 t / ha of silage mass, while on the plot fertilized with mineral fertilizers the yield of silage mass was 36 t / ha and it can be concluded that the application of liquid digestate on the test plot resulted in 33% higher silage yield as compared to the plot with mineral fertilization.
Considering the production costs and revenues generated from silage maize, with a purchase price of 0.24 kn / kg, it can be concluded that the production costs on the test plot on which the liquid digestate was applied were 0.14 kn / kg of silage mass with the realized net income of 7560.5 kn / ha, while on the plot fertilized with mineral fertilizers the cost of production amounted to 0.20 kn / kg of silage mass and a net income of 4328,40 kn / ha was achieved.
Keywords: silage maize, fertilization, liquid digestate, mineral fertilizer, biogas plant